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Бинарные азеотропные смеси органических соединений и воды
Вещество | Т. кип. азеотропа, °C | Состав, масс. % | |
Вода | Другой компонент | ||
Inorganic acids | |||
Hydrogen bromide | 126 | 52.5 | 47.5 |
Hydrogen chloride | 108.58 | 79.78 | 20.22 |
Hydrogen fluoride | 111.35 | 64.4 | 35.6 |
Hydrogen iodide | 127 | 43 | 57 |
Hydrogen peroxide | zeotrope | ||
Nitric acid | 120.7 | 32.6 | 67.4 |
Perchloric acid | 203 | 28.4 | 71.6 |
Organic acids | |||
Formic acid | 107.2 | 22.6 | 77.4 |
Acetic acid | zeotrope | ||
Propionic acid | 99.9 | 82.3 | 17.7 |
Isobutyric acid | 99.3 | 79 | 21 |
Butyric acid | 99.4 | 81.6 | 18.4 |
Pentanoic acid | 99.8 | 89 | 11 |
Isopentanoic acid | 99.5 | 81.6 | 18.4 |
Perfluorobutyric acid | 97 | 71 | 29 |
Crotonic acid | 99.9 | 97.8 | 2.2 |
Alcohols | |||
Ethanol | 78.17 | 4 | 96 |
Allyl alcohol | 88.9 | 27.7 | 72.3 |
1-Propanol | 71.7 | 71.7 | 28.3 |
2-Propanol | 80.3 | 12.6 | 87.4 |
1-Butanol | 92.7 | 42.5 | 57.5 |
2-Butanol | 87.0 | 26.8 | 73.2 |
2-Methyl-2-propanol | 79.9 | 11.7 | 88.3 |
1-Pentanol | 95.8 | 54.4 | 45.6 |
2-Pentanol | 91.7 | 36.5 | 63.5 |
3-Pentanol | 91.7 | 36.0 | 64.0 |
2,2-Dimethyl-2-propanol | 87.35 | 27.5 | 72.5 |
1-Hexanol | 97.8 | 67.2 | 32.8 |
1-Octanol | 99.4 | 90 | 10 |
Cyclopentanol | 96.25 | 58 | 42 |
1-Heptanol | 98.7 | 83 | 17 |
Phenol | 99.52 | 90.8 | 9.2 |
2-Methoxyphenol | 99.5 | 87.5 | 12.5 |
1-Phenylphenol | 99.95 | 98.75 | 1.25 |
Benzyl alcohol | 99.9 | 91 | 9 |
2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol | zeotrope | ||
Furfuryl alcohol | 98.5 | 80 | 20 |
Aldehydes | |||
Propionaldehyde | 47.5 | 2 | 98 |
Butyraldehyde | 68 | 6 | 94 |
Pentanal | 83 | 19 | 81 |
Paraldehyde | 90 | 28.5 | 71.5 |
Furaldehyde | 97.5 | 65 | 35 |
Amines | |||
N-Methylbutylamine | 82.7 | 15 | 85 |
Furfurylamine | 99 | 74 | 26 |
Piperidine | 92.8 | 35 | 65 |
Pyridine | 93.6 | 41.3 | 58.7 |
2-Methylpyridine | 93.5 | 48 | 52 |
3-Methylpyridine | 97 | 60 | 40 |
4-Methylpyridine | 97.35 | 62.8 | 37.2 |
2,6-Dimethylpyridine | 96.02 | 51.8 | 48.2 |
Dibutylamine | 97 | 50.5 | 49.5 |
Dihexylamine | 99.8 | 92.8 | 7.2 |
Triallylamine | 95 | 38 | 62 |
Tributylamine | 99.65 | 79.7 | 20.3 |
Aniline | 98.6 | 80.8 | 19.2 |
N-Ethylaniline | 99.2 | 83.9 | 16.1 |
1-Methyl-2-(2-pyridyl)pyrrolidine | 99.85 | 97.5 | 2.5 |
Halogenated hydrocarbons | |||
Chloroform | 56.1 | 2.8 | 97.2 |
Carbon tetrachloride | 42.6 | 2.8 | 97.2 |
Trichloroethylene | 73.4 | 17 | 83 |
Tetrachloroethylene | 88.5 | 17.2 | 82.8 |
1,2-Dichloroethane | 72 | 8.3 | 91.7 |
1-Chloropropane | 44 | 2.2 | 97.8 |
1,2-Dichloropropane | 78 | 12 | 88 |
Chlorobenzene | 90.2 | 28.4 | 71.6 |
Esters | |||
Ethyl formate | 52.6 | 5 | 95 |
Isopropyl formate | 65.0 | 3 | 97 |
Propyl formate | 71.6 | 2.3 | 97.7 |
Isobutyl formate | 80.4 | 7.8 | 92.2 |
Butyl formate | 83.8 | 14.5 | 85.5 |
Isopentyl formate | 90.2 | 21 | 79 |
Pentyl formate | 91.6 | 28.4 | 71.6 |
Benzyl formate | 99.2 | 80 | 20 |
Ethyl acetate | 70.38 | 8.47 | 91.53 |
Allyl acetate | 83 | 14.7 | 85.3 |
Isopropyl acetate | 76.6 | 10.6 | 89.4 |
Propyl acetate | 82.4 | 14 | 86 |
Isobutyl acetate | 87.4 | 16.5 | 83.5 |
Butyl acetate | 90.2 | 28.7 | 71.3 |
Isopentyl acetate | 93.8 | 36.3 | 63.7 |
Pentyl acetate | 95.2 | 41 | 59 |
Hexyl acetate | 97.4 | 61 | 39 |
Phenyl acetate | 98.9 | 75.1 | 24.9 |
Benzyl acetate | 99.6 | 87.5 | 12.5 |
Methyl propionate | 71.4 | 3.9 | 96.1 |
Ethyl propionate | 81.2 | 10 | 90 |
Isopropyl propionate | 85.2 | 19.9 | 80.1 |
Propyl propionate | 88.9 | 23 | 77 |
Isobutyl propionate | 92.75 | 52.2 | 47.8 |
Isopentyl propionate | 96.55 | 48.5 | 51.5 |
Methyl butyrate | 82.7 | 11.5 | 88.5 |
Ethyl butyrate | 87.9 | 21.5 | 78.5 |
Propyl butyrate | 94.1 | 36.4 | 63.6 |
Isobutyl butyrate | 96.3 | 46 | 54 |
Butyl butyrate | 97.2 | 53 | 47 |
Isopentyl butyrate | 98.05 | 63.5 | 36.5 |
Methyl isobutyrate | 77.7 | 6.8 | 93.2 |
Ethyl isobutyrate | 85.2 | 15.2 | 84.8 |
Propyl isobutyrate | 92.2 | 30.8 | 69.2 |
Isobutyl isobutyrate | 95.5 | 39.4 | 60.6 |
Isopentyl isobutyrate | 97.4 | 56.0 | 44.0 |
Methyl isopentanoate | 87.2 | 19.2 | 80.8 |
Ethyl isopentanoate | 92.2 | 30.2 | 69.8 |
Propyl isopentanoate | 96.2 | 45.2 | 54.8 |
Isobutyl isopentanoate | 97.4 | 55.8 | 44.2 |
Isopentyl isopentanoate | 98.8 | 74.1 | 25.9 |
Ethyl pentanoate | 94.5 | 40 | 60 |
Ethyl hexanoate | 97.2 | 54 | 46 |
Methyl benzoate | 99.08 | 79.2 | 20.8 |
Ethyl benzoate | 99.4 | 84.0 | 16.0 |
Propyl benzoate | 99.7 | 90.9 | 9.1 |
Butyl benzoate | 99.9 | 94 | 6 |
Isopentyl benzoate | 99.9 | 95.6 | 4.4 |
Ethyl phenylacetate | 99.7 | 91.3 | 8.7 |
Methyl cinnamate | 99.9 | 95.5 | 4.5 |
Methyl phthalate | 99.95 | 97.5 | 2.5 |
Diethyl o-phthalate | 99.98 | 98.0 | 2.0 |
Ethyl chloroacetate | 95.2 | 45.1 | 54.9 |
Butyl chloroacetate | 98.12 | 75.5 | 24.5 |
Methyl acrylate | 71 | 7.2 | 92.8 |
Isobutyl carbonate | 98.6 | 74 | 26 |
Ethyl crotonate | 93.5 | 38 | 62 |
Methyl lactate | 99 | 80 | 20 |
1,2-Ethanediol diacetate | 99.7 | 84.6 | 15.4 |
Ethyl nitrate | 74.35 | 22 | 78 |
Propyl nitrate | 84.8 | 20 | 80 |
Isobutyl nitrate | 89.0 | 25 | 75 |
Methyl sulfate | 98.6 | 73 | 27 |
Ethers | |||
Ethyl vinyl ether | 34.6 | 1.5 | 98.5 |
Diethyl ether | 34.2 | 1.3 | 98.7 |
Ethyl propyl ether | 59.5 | 4 | 96 |
Diisopropyl ether | 62.2 | 4.5 | 95.5 |
Butyl ethyl ether | 76.6 | 11.9 | 88.1 |
Diisobutyl ether | 88.6 | 23 | 77 |
Dibutyl ether | 92.9 | 33 | 67 |
Diisopentyl ether | 97.4 | 54 | 46 |
1,1 -Diethoxy ethane | 82.6 | 14.5 | 85.5 |
Diphenyl ether | 99.33 | 96.75 | 3.25 |
Methoxybenzene | 95.5 | 40.5 | 59.5 |
Hydrocarbons | |||
Pentane | 34.6 | 1.4 | 98.6 |
Hexane | 61.6 | 5.6 | 94.4 |
Heptane | 79.2 | 12.9 | 87.1 |
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane | 78.8 | 11.1 | 88.9 |
Nonane | 94.8 | 82 | 18 |
Undecane | 98.85 | 96.0 | 4.0 |
Dodecane | 99.45 | 98 | 2 |
Acrolein | 52.4 | 2.6 | 97.4 |
Cyclohexene | 70.8 | 8.93 | 91.07 |
Cyclohexane | 69.5 | 8.4 | 91.6 |
1-Octene | 88.0 | 28.7 | 71.3 |
Benzene | 69.25 | 8.83 | 91.17 |
Toluene | 84.1 | 13.5 | 86.5 |
Ethylbenzene | 92.0 | 33.0 | 67.0 |
m-Xylene | 92 | 35.8 | 64.2 |
Isopropylbenzene | 95 | 43.8 | 56.2 |
Naphthalene | 98.8 | 84 | 16 |
Ketones | |||
Acetone | zeotrope | ||
2-Butanone | 73.5 | 11 | 89 |
2-Pentanone | 83.3 | 19.5 | 80.5 |
Cyclopentanone | 94.6 | 42.4 | 57.6 |
4-Methyl-2-pentanone | 87.9 | 24.3 | 75.7 |
2-Heptanone | 95 | 48 | 52 |
3-Heptanone | 94.6 | 42.2 | 57.8 |
4-Heptanone | 94.3 | 40.5 | 59.5 |
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone | 98.8 | 87.3 | 12.7 |
4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one | 91.8 | 34.8 | 65.2 |
Nitriles | |||
Acetonitrile | 76.5 | 16.3 | 83.7 |
Isobutyronitrile | 82.5 | 23 | 177 |
Butyronitrile | 88.7 | 32.5 | 67.5 |
Acrylonitrile | 70.6 | 14.3 | 85.7 |
Miscellaneous | |||
Hydrazine | 120 | 32.3 | 67.7 |
Acetamide | zeotrope | ||
Nitromethane | 83.59 | 23.6 | 76.4 |
Nitroethane | 87.22 | 28.5 | 71.5 |
2,5-Dimethylfuran | 77.0 | 11.7 | 88.3 |
Trioxane | 91.4 | 30 | 70 |
Carbon disulfide | 42.6 | 2.8 | 97.2 |
× Источник: J.A.Dean. Lange's handbook of chemistry. 15th ed. New-York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. P. 430-431